Title
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase Expression in Skeletal Muscle
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-15-2013
Department 1
Health Sciences
Abstract
Deacetylases such as sirtuins (SIRTs) convert NAD to nicotinamide (NAM). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (Nampt) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the NAD salvage pathway responsible for converting NAM to NAD to maintain cellular redox state. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) increases SIRT activity by elevating NAD levels. As NAM directly inhibits SIRTs, increased Nampt activation or expression could be a metabolic stress response. Evidence suggests that AMPK regulates Nampt mRNA content, but whether repeated AMPK activation is necessary for increasing Nampt protein levels is unknown. To this end, we assessed whether exercise training- or 5-amino-1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxamide (AICAR)-mediated increases in skeletal muscle Nampt abundance are AMPK dependent. One-legged knee-extensor exercise training in humans increased Nampt protein by 16% (P < 0.05) in the trained, but not the untrained leg. Moreover, increases in Nampt mRNA following acute exercise or AICAR treatment (P < 0.05 for both) were maintained in mouse skeletal muscle lacking a functional AMPK α2 subunit. Nampt protein was reduced in skeletal muscle of sedentary AMPK α2 kinase dead (KD), but 6.5 weeks of endurance exercise training increased skeletal muscle Nampt protein to a similar extent in both wild-type (WT) (24%) and AMPK α2 KD (18%) mice. In contrast, 4 weeks of daily AICAR treatment increased Nampt protein in skeletal muscle in WT mice (27%), but this effect did not occur in AMPK α2 KD mice. In conclusion, functional α2-containing AMPK heterotrimers are required for elevation of skeletal muscle Nampt protein, but not mRNA induction. These findings suggest AMPK plays a post-translational role in the regulation of skeletal muscle Nampt protein abundance, and further indicate that the regulation of cellular energy charge and nutrient sensing is mechanistically related.
DOI
10.1113/jphysiol.2013.259515
Recommended Citation
Brandauer, Josef, Sara G. Vienberg, Marianne A. Andersen, Stine Ringholm, Steve Risis, Per S. Larsen, Jonas M. Kristensen, Christian Frøsig, Lotte Leick, Joachim Fentz, Sebastian Jørgensen, Bente Kiens, Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski, Erik A. Richter, Juleen R. Zierath, Laurie J. Goodyear, Henriette Pilegaard and Jonas T. Treebak. “AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulates Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyl Transferase Expression in Skeletal Muscle.” The Journal of Physiology 591.20 (October 2013), 5207-5220.
Comments
Original version is available from the publisher at: http://jp.physoc.org/content/591/20/5207.abstract?sid=96f1838c-4e64-4e57-a810-a53de506e491