Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-17-2025

Department 1

Political Science

Abstract

A longstanding literature in American foreign policy holds that the American public’s support for war significantly depends on the number of U.S. casualties in the conflict (their number, rate, trend, proximity, etc.). While a pandemic is clearly not a war, many observers and political leaders have characterized the U.S. public policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic using the metaphor of wartime. This raises the question of whether such characterizations are more than mere metaphor. Has the American public’s response to pandemic-related casualties—cases and deaths—followed similar patterns to those found in the literature on public opinion and war? In this study, the authors assess the public’s responsiveness to COVID-19 casualties at different stages in the pandemic. Utilizing two large, 50-state surveys conducted during the two largest COVID surges, in winter 2021 and winter 2022, we test several hypotheses from the public opinion and war literature, including that proximity—spatial and temporal—influences public responses and that the public becomes desensitized to casualties over time. Safarpour and Baum find that in many respects, the public’s response to the pandemic does indeed mirror the patterns found with respect to public opinion and war.

DOI

10.1093/ijpor/edaf021

Version

Accepted Manuscript/Postprint

Required Publisher's Statement

This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Oxford Academic's International Journal of Public Opinion Research journal following peer review. The version of record is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edaf021.

Available for download on Thursday, June 17, 2027

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